Noise-induced hearing loss is a permanent condition caused by damage to the inner ear’s hair cells from prolonged or sudden exposure to loud sounds, leading to reduced hearing ability. It typically results from noise levels exceeding 85 decibels over time, such as from industrial equipment, loud music, or sudden blasts, like gunshots, which harm the cochlear hair cells that transmit sound signals to the brain. Since these cells do not regenerate, the hearing loss is irreversible, and symptoms like muffled hearing, difficulty understanding speech, or tinnitus (ringing in the ears) may develop gradually or immediately, depending on the exposure’s intensity and duration.

The severity of noise-induced hearing loss depends on the loudness, duration, and frequency of noise exposure, with sounds above 100 decibels capable of causing damage in as little as 15 minutes. Common sources include occupational environments like factories or construction sites, as well as recreational activities such as concerts or using personal audio devices at high volumes. Prevention is critical and includes using protective gear like earplugs or earmuffs, limiting exposure time, and adhering to safe listening practices, such as keeping audio devices at 60% volume for no more than 60 minutes. Workplace regulations and public education aim to reduce risks, but individual actions to control noise exposure are essential for protecting long-term hearing health.